7 Sexually transmitted diseases (STD): Know the Facts and Protect Yourself

 


Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a significant global health issue, impacting millions of people annually. Even with the strides we’ve made in medicine and increasing awareness, STDs still pose significant risks. 

In this blog, we'll look into seven important STDs, breaking down their symptoms, how to prevent them, and the best ways to treat them.Stay proactive and manage your sexual health effectively with this crucial guide.


What are 7 common STDs?


The 7 common sexually transmitted diseases are:



  1. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)


Human Immunodeficiency Virus attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells, which are important for defending the body against infections. If left untreated, HIV/AIDS can progress to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a stage where the immune system is severely compromised.

Symptoms of HIV in men and women

Early signs of HIV can vary between individuals but typically include:

  • Fever

  • Swollen lymph nodes

  • Sore throat

  • Rash

  • Muscle aches

Asymptomatic Phase:

  • Many people may not show symptoms for years.

Progression to AIDS:

  • Severe immune system damage

  • Increased risk of infections and cancers


What is HIV prevention and treatment?

To prevent HIV, practice safe sex using condoms, engage in regular testing, and consider pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) if at high risk. For those living with HIV, effective HIV medications include Dolutegravir, often used in combination with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide. The Spegra tablet combines these medications into a single pill, simplifying the treatment regimen. Regular adherence to these medications helps maintain undetectable viral loads and prevents transmission.


  1. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)


Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) causes sores around the mouth (oral herpes) or genital area (genital herpes). There are two types: HSV-1, generally associated with oral infections, and HSV-2, linked to genital infections.

What is the first symptom of HSV?

First Symptoms of HSV


  • Painful blisters or sores

  • Itching

  • Burning

  • Discomfort

Note: HSV can also be asymptomatic,meaning it can be spread even in the absence of visible sores.


What are the prevention and treatment choices for HSV?

Condoms can reduce the risk of HSV transmission, although they do not provide complete protection. Antiviral medications like acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir can assist in managing outbreaks, alleviating symptoms, and decreasing the risk of passing the infection to partners.


  1. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)


Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of related viruses, with some strains causing genital warts and others associated with various cancers, such as cervical, throat, and anal cancers. It is the most prevalent STD worldwide.

What are the symptoms of HPV?

Symptoms of HPV include:

  • Often asymptomatic

  • Genital warts (small, fleshy bumps or clusters)

  • Cellular changes in the cervix (detectable through Pap smears)

How to treat and prevent HPV?

The HPV vaccine is a powerful preventive tool and is becoming more accessible in India. It is recommended for preteens and young adults to prevent HPV-related cancers and genital warts. Although there is no cure for HPV, treatments are available for managing warts, and routine screening can detect precancerous changes early.


  1. Chlamydia


Chlamydia is the most common bacterial infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It is especially prevalent among young adults.

What are the 3 warning signs of chlamydia?

The three warning signs or symptoms of chlamydia include:

  • Abnormal discharge from the vagina or penis

  • Pain during urination

  • Pelvic pain in women


What is the prevention and best treatment for chlamydia?

Condom use and regular STD testing are crucial for preventing chlamydia. It is easily treatable with antibiotics, typically azithromycin or doxycycline, which effectively clear the infection.


  1. Gonorrhea


Gonorrhea, caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, can infect the genitals, rectum, and throat.

What are the symptoms of Gonorrhea?

Symptoms of Gonorrhea include:

  • Painful urination

  • Discharge

  • Genital itching

  • Sore throat

  • Rectal discomfort


What are the prevention and best treatment choices for Gonorrhea?

Condom use and regular testing can prevent gonorrhoea. It is treatable with antibiotics, though some strains have developed resistance, making timely diagnosis and treatment essential to avoid complications.


  1. Syphilis


Syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum is a bacterial infection, which progresses through several stages: primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary.

What are the symptoms of syphilis?

Symptoms of Syphilis include:

  • Primary Stage: Painless sore or ulcer at the injection site

  • Secondary Stage: mucous membrane lesions and skin rashes

  • Latent Syphilis: No visible symptoms, but bacteria remain in the body

  • Tertiary Syphilis: Severe health problems, including damage to the heart, brain, and other organs

How can syphilis be treated and prevented?

Using condoms can reduce the risk of syphilis transmission. Early-stage syphilis is effectively treated with antibiotics, primarily penicillin. Late-stage syphilis requires more extensive treatment, but early intervention is crucial for optimal outcomes.


  1. Trichomoniasis


Trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic infection. It is the most common curable STD among women.

What are the 5 symptoms of trichomoniasis?

The five symptoms of trichomoniasis include:

  • Itching

  • Burning

  • Redness

  • Unusual discharge in women

  • Irritation and discharge in men


What is the prevention and best treatment for trichomoniasis?

Prevent trichomoniasis by using condoms and undergoing regular STD testing. It is treatable with prescription medications like metronidazole or tinidazole, which effectively clear the infection.


Wrapping up


Understanding sexually transmitted diseases and their prevention is vital for maintaining sexual health and well-being. By practising safe sex, using protection, getting regular screenings, and considering HPV Vaccination In India, you can significantly reduce your risk of STDs. 

If you suspect you have an STD, seek medical attention promptly for diagnosis and treatment to ensure optimal health outcomes and reduce transmission risks.
Location: India

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