How to Spot and Manage Anaemia During Pregnancy

 

Pregnancy is an exciting journey filled with pleasure, but it also brings with it a number of challenges and potential health concerns. One of the most common conditions that pregnant women face is anaemia. Anaemia occurs when your body does not have enough healthy red blood cells (RBC) to carry adequate oxygen to tissues and organs. During pregnancy, anaemia can be particularly concerning as it may lead to complications for both the mother and the developing baby. 

Understanding how to spot the signs of anaemia and how to manage it effectively is essential for ensuring the health and well-being of both.

What causes anaemia during pregnancy?

Anaemia during pregnancy is a common disease that ensues when there is a deficiency of red blood cells (RBC) or haemoglobin. The body’s increased demand for nutrients and blood volume during pregnancy can lead to deficiencies, resulting in anaemia. Several factors contribute to this condition, and it is important to recognise the signs of pregnancy to address any potential issues early. Some contributing factors include:

• Increased iron demand is needed to produce extra blood for the growing fetus.

• Folate deficiency is essential for red blood cell production and for preventing neural tube defects.

• Vitamin B12 deficiency is crucial for red blood cell production.

• Vitamin C deficiency impairs iron absorption, which is needed for red blood cell production.

• Blood loss from gastrointestinal issues, heavy menstruation, or complications during pregnancy.

• Underlying health disorders such as kidney disease, diabetes, or autoimmune disorders.

• Genetic factors, like sickle cell anaemia or thalassemia, increase the risk of anaemia during pregnancy.

What are the symptoms of anaemia in pregnancy?

Detecting anaemia early is critical, as the symptoms often develop gradually and can easily be overlooked or mistaken for normal pregnancy fatigue. Common symptoms of Anaemia during pregnancy include:

1. Fatigue and weakness: Feeling tired or weak, even after a good night’s sleep, is one of the most common symptoms. This is because your body isn’t able to carry enough oxygen to your muscles and tissues.

2. Paleness: A pale complexion, particularly on the face or hands, is a typical sign of anaemia. This happens because your blood doesn’t have enough red blood cells to give your skin its healthy colour.

3. Shortness of breath: When anaemia reduces the amount of oxygen reaching your organs, you may feel winded or short of breath, even with minimal exertion.

4. Dizziness or lightheadedness: A low red blood cell count can result in insufficient oxygen reaching the brain, causing dizziness or fainting.

5. Heart Palpitations: A fast or irregular heartbeat can occur as the heart works harder to pump oxygen-rich blood through the body.

6. Cravings for non-food items (Pica): Pregnant women with anaemia may experience unusual cravings, such as for ice, dirt, or clay. This condition is known as pica and can be a symptom of a nutrient deficiency.

These symptoms should not be neglected, especially if they persist or worsen. If you suspect anaemia, consult your healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.

How do you diagnose anaemia in pregnancy?

A healthcare provider will typically diagnose anaemia through routine blood tests, including a complete blood count (CBC). The CBC measures various components of your blood, including red blood cells, haemoglobin, and hematocrit levels. If these levels are low, anaemia is diagnosed. Depending on the suspected cause, more tests may be performed to check for iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid deficiencies.

What is the management of anaemia in pregnancy?

Managing anaemia during pregnancy generally involves dietary adjustments, supplementation, and sometimes medical treatment, depending on the severity and type of anaemia. Here are some steps to effectively manage the condition:

1. Iron-rich diet: Iron is vital for red blood cell production, so ensuring an adequate intake is crucial. Pregnant women should take iron-rich foods like lean meats, beans, lentils, spinach, and fortified cereals. Pairing these foods with vitamin C-rich items like oranges, strawberries, or bell peppers can help improve iron absorption.

2. Folic acid Supplementation: Along with iron, folic acid is another important nutrient for pregnant women. Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, plays an important role in the development of the baby's neural tube. And the production of red blood cells. A deficiency in folic acid can contribute to anaemia and birth defects. 

Many doctors recommend a daily folic acid supplement, such as the Folvite Tablet, to ensure proper intake during pregnancy. It is particularly beneficial in preventing neural tube defects.

3. Iron supplements: If dietary sources are insufficient or if the Anaemia is more severe, a healthcare provider may prescribe iron supplements. These can be in the form of tablets, liquids, or injections, depending on the individual’s needs. It's important to follow your doctor’s instructions regarding dosage, as excessive iron intake can cause side effects like constipation or stomach discomfort.

4. Monitoring and adjusting medicines during pregnancy: Some women may need additional medications to manage anaemia during pregnancy, especially if it’s due to a condition like vitamin B12 deficiency or chronic blood loss. Always consult with your doctor before starting any new medicines, as certain medications can affect pregnancy or interact with supplements.

5. Avoiding certain foods and beverages: While managing Anaemia, it’s important to avoid consuming foods or drinks that can interfere with iron absorption. Coffee, tea, and foods high in calcium should be limited when taking iron supplements, as they can decrease the amount of iron your body takes in.

When should you seek medical attention for anaemia?

If you experience severe symptoms of anaemia or cannot manage it through diet and supplementation, seeking medical attention is crucial.

Untreated anaemia during pregnancy can lead to serious complications, including:

• Preterm birth

• Low birth weight

• Developmental delays for the baby

It can also cause complications for the mother, such as:

• Postpartum depression

• Fatigue

• Increased risk of infections

Wrapping up

Anaemia during pregnancy is common but serious, requiring attention and care. Early detection and proper management reduce risks to both mother and baby. Ensure proper nutrition, take prescribed supplements like folic acid and iron, and work with your healthcare provider to manage anaemia effectively. 

Maintaining optimal women's health during pregnancy is essential for a positive outcome for both you and your baby.